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Node Modes of Operation#

(Back to: Node Installation)

The Ergo node offers several modes of operation, allowing users to balance resource requirements (disk space, memory, bandwidth) with security assumptions and desired functionality. Choosing the right mode depends on your specific use case, such as running a backend for a dApp, securing personal funds, or simply verifying transactions.

The primary modes are configured using settings in your ergo.conf file, mainly node.stateType and node.blocksToKeep. Bootstrapping options like node.utxoBootstrap and node.nipopowBootstrap can significantly speed up the initial synchronization for certain modes but do not define the mode itself.

Here's a comparison of the main operational modes:

Mode Comparison#

Feature / Mode Archival Full Node Pruned Full Node Digest (Stateless) Node¹ Light SPV Client
Primary Goal Max Security, Full History Full Security, Reduced Storage Full Security, Minimal Storage Tx Verification, Minimal Resources
Key Config stateType="utxo"
blocksToKeep=-1		 stateType="utxo"
blocksToKeep > 0		 stateType="digest"
blocksToKeep > 0		 N/A (Client Software)
Bootstrapping Full Sync from Genesis Full Sync / UTXO Snapshot (utxoBootstrap=true) / NiPoPoW (nipopowBootstrap=true) Full Sync / NiPoPoW (nipopowBootstrap=true) / UTXO Snapshot¹ NiPoPoW Sync
Storage (Initial) Very High (100s GB+) Medium (Snapshot: ~1-2GB + Recent Blocks) Low (Headers + State: ~1-3GB + Recent Blocks) Very Low (MBs)
Storage (Ongoing) High (Grows with chain) Medium (Grows slowly with blocksToKeep) Low (Grows slowly with blocksToKeep) Very Low
Resource Needs High (CPU/RAM/Disk IO) Moderate Moderate-Low Very Low
Sync Time Very Long Fast (with bootstrap) Fast (with bootstrap) Very Fast
Full Tx Validation Yes Yes (for kept blocks) Yes (for kept blocks, via ADProofs) No (Header validation only)
API Support Full Full (for available data) Limited (May lack endpoints requiring full UTXO set) N/A (Relies on Full Node API)
Wallet Compatibility Full (incl. restore) New Wallets OK; No Restore New Wallets OK; No Restore; Potential issues with standard P2P tx submission reported² Verification only; Relies on Full Node for tx submission/balance
Use Cases Mining, Archiving, Max Trust Backend dApp Backend, Personal Wallet Backend (New Wallet) Mobile Node Backend (Android Guide), dApp Backend (Specific Needs), Personal Wallet Backend (New Wallet, check compatibility) Light Wallets, Quick Verification Tools

Detailed Explanations & Notes:

  1. Bootstrapping (utxoBootstrap, nipopowBootstrap):

    • These settings significantly speed up the initial sync for Pruned and Digest nodes by downloading a compressed UTXO set snapshot (utxoBootstrap) or using NiPoPoW proofs (nipopowBootstrap) instead of processing the entire chain history from genesis.
    • Using utxoBootstrap=true is common for Pruned nodes.
    • Using nipopowBootstrap=true is common for Digest nodes.
    • It's often beneficial to enable both utxoBootstrap=true and nipopowBootstrap=true for the fastest initial sync, especially on resource-constrained devices like mobile phones. The node will attempt the fastest method available from peers.
    • Note ¹: While utxoBootstrap can technically be used with stateType="digest", it's less common as NiPoPoW bootstrap is generally preferred for this mode.
    • Progress Indication: Be aware that the initial download phase when using bootstrapping (especially utxoBootstrap) can take a significant amount of time depending on network speed and peer availability. The node logs may not show detailed progress during large snapshot downloads. It's often helpful to monitor your system's network activity or the increasing size of the node's data directory (.ergo/snapshots or similar) to gauge progress during this phase.

  2. Digest Mode (stateType="digest") Limitations:

    • This mode keeps only an authenticated digest (root hash) of the UTXO set, verifying state transitions using ADProofs contained in blocks.
    • Wallet Compatibility: While functional for creating new wallets and basic operations, users have reported issues submitting standard P2P transactions from wallets connected only to a digest-mode node. Compatibility with specific wallets or dApps requiring full UTXO set access may vary. Verification is recommended.
    • API Limitations: Some API endpoints that rely on scanning the full UTXO set might not be available or may return limited data.
    • Peer Relaying: Digest nodes typically cannot relay transactions received from peers, as they don't validate them against the full UTXO set.

  3. Wallet Restoration (Pruned & Digest Modes):

    • Nodes running with blocksToKeep set to a positive value (Pruned and Digest modes) cannot be used to restore wallets from seed phrases if those wallets were used before the oldest block kept by the node. They lack the historical transaction data needed for the scan.
    • You must use an Archival Full Node (blocksToKeep = -1) or a trusted explorer service for restoring older wallets. For new wallets created and used only while the pruned/digest node is running, restoration might work, but using an archival node is the safest approach.

  4. Resource Usage:

    • The storage figures are estimates and depend heavily on the blocksToKeep setting and chain activity. A typical light/mobile setup using digest mode with bootstrapping might initially consume around 3GB.
    • Memory requirements (-Xmx flag) also vary. While an archival node might need 8GB+, pruned/digest nodes can often run with 2-4GB, though more may be needed during intense activity or bootstrapping.

Further Reading#